7:15 AM | *The Great Blizzard of March 18-21, 1958…one of the worst snowstorms ever in eastern Pennsylvania*
Paul Dorian
The “Philly Inquirer” headline on March 21, 1958 regarding the storm which became known as the “Equinox Storm”
Overview
March is known to feature some crazy and surprising weather and the 1958 blizzard that occurred in the Mid-Atlantic region between March 18th and 23rd was indeed rather unexpected. In general, forecasts on the morning of March 18th had no mention of snow. This was in an era before computer forecast models were being utilized by weather forecasters on a daily basis and it was even before satellite imagery existed which could aid in the forecast. By afternoon on that particular day, the light rain had changed into huge, wet snowflakes and - for the next few days - history was being made.
Surface map on March 20th, 1958; courtesy NOAA, Kocin and Uccellini (2004)
Details
This was a relatively warm storm and it was quite a struggle for the precipitation to fall in the form of snow. However, as low pressure intensified off of the Mid-Atlantic coastline, heavy, wet snow began to pile up. Under the weight of the heavy wet snow, it didn’t take long for trees to start snapping in the Mid-Atlantic region and power outages spread as electric power lines started coming down. In addition, many houses suffered severe damage to roofs, porches and sheds as incredible amounts of heavy wet snow piled up.
The most striking characteristic of this storm was its slow-movement resulting in substantial accumulations over a several day period. Also, as is often the case in March, the snow accumulations during this event became extremely dependent upon elevation whereby significant differences occurred at differing elevations. A couple degrees of difference on the thermometer between lower and higher elevation locations made huge differences in snowfall totals. One of the most amazing measurements occurred at the Morgantown, Pennsylvania exchange of the Pennsylvania Turnpike (elevation of 750 feet) where an astonishing 50 inches of snow accumulated during the entire March blizzard - still the highest ever for a single snowstorm in southeastern Pennsylvania. Specifically, according to NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center, Morgantown, Pennsylvania reported 6 inches of snow on the 19th, 38 inches on the 20th which was a daily record and then another 6 inches on the 21st for a total of 50 during the long-lasting event.
Truck delivers fuel in York County, PA after the great blizzard of March 18-21, 1958
The storm that hit on March 18-21, 1958 had arguably the biggest impact of any storm ever to hit the Lancaster, Pennsylvania area. While only 13" of heavy wet snow accumulated in the city of Lancaster, 2 to 3 feet of snow fell across the higher terrain of northern and eastern Lancaster County. In fact, snow piled up on ridge tops all the way from the southeastern part of the state to the northeastern corner with an incredible five feet of snow (60 inches) covering the ground by March 23rd in the small Poconos village of Gouldsboro – still the greatest amount ever in the state of Pennsylvania for a single snowstorm. Chester County, Pennsylvania was also suffering through perhaps its biggest snowstorm ever with 36 inches reported in West Chester and 40 inches in West Grove (http://www.dailylocal.com/article/DL/20080321/tmp01/303219995).
Other notable snowfall measurements in Pennsylvania included 35 inches in Stroudsburg and 20 inches in Allentown. This storm pounded areas just south of the Mason-Dixon Line as well including Mount Airy, Maryland where 33 inches were reported and in Baltimore (8.4 inches) more than 100,000 people lost power.
Snowfall totals for the period of March 18-21, 1958; courtesy NOAA; Kocin and Uccellini (2004)
In lower elevation location such as in the city of Philadelphia “only” 11.4 inches fell as slightly milder temperatures and the lack of orographic enhancement (i.e., precipitation being “squeezed out” of the atmosphere due to rising air on windward-facing mountains). Other urban centers were hit as well with this late season snowstorm including Washington, DC at 4.8 inches, Central Park, New York at 11.7 inches and Boston, Massachusetts at 6.7 inches. This storm was not the only snowstorm in that great winter of 1957-1958 as just four weeks earlier another major snowstorm occurred in much of the same region.
Here is a link to the “News of the Day” video from March 1958 regarding the blizzard (courtesy YouTube): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Xsc5Gwpa7s
Meteorologist Paul Dorian
Arcfield
arcfieldweather.com